Twitter Likely Expanding 140-Character Tweet Limit With New Product


It’s 2015 and Twitter is reportedly finally doing something many assumed it wouldn’t ever do – expanding the 140 character-per-tweet limit. If true, this is a move that could fundamentally change how Twitter works, but it’s to be seen if that change would be good or bad for the company.
Re/Code has it on good authority that Twitter is set to roll out a “new product” to allow for longer tweets. That phrasing is interesting, as it indicates that Twitter won’t be completely ditching the current limit, but is also taking steps to deal with a feature that some instead view as a shortcoming.
For those not familiar with the history of the 140-character limit, we must go all the way back to 1985 when a German by the name of Friedhelm Hillebrand was working on a system to allow cell carriers to send out short text messages to their subscribers. The idea was to notify them when they were running low on minutes or their credit card didn’t clear. After some self-testing with a typewriter, Hillebrand decided somewhat arbitrarily that 160 was the “perfectly sufficient” number of characters for these short notices. He implemented this system and SMS – that many call text messaging – was born.
Twitter was developed before the world of the modern smartphone. When it was started it relied on SMS for people to send and receive messages. Thus the messages were limited to 160 characters – 20 of those for the user’s unique handle (@alone_aks, for example) and 140 allotted for the actual message.
We are now many years past that, though. Most people use Twitter via apps now. A quick poll of this writer’s peers shows that he doesn’t know anyone that still uses the SMS version of twitter. And that’s likely why — if the Re/Code sources are accurate — Twitter is looking to move past limits placed upon it by deprecated technology.

Are Smart Mini Sensors the Next Big Thing? (Op-Ed)


The 19th Century brought the camera, changing the way people see the world. The 20th Century brought radio and television, forever changing communication and breaking down geographic barriers. Near the end of that century, the Internet arrived and changed, well, everything, opening up almost the entire globe to humankind's accumulated knowledge and experience. In the past decade the Internet's impact accelerated with the proliferation of always-on, cloud-connected, and multi-sensory computers, such as smartphones and wearable devices.
It has come to a point where today, barely a few years into the 21st Century, most of us will never be lost again thanks to miniaturized GPS technology. If we want to grab a meal, we can instantly figure out which restaurant is best, browsing user-generated reviews. Instant translation of more than 100 languages is instantly available. And all of this is accessible through devices that fit in our pockets, devices more powerful than the supercomputers from just three decades ago. So what's next? What will be the next tech leap to compel the world forward, to open up new and previously unattainable possibilities? I believe the answer is a wave of new, miniaturized, smart sensors.

Are Smart Mini Sensors the Next Big Thing? (Op-Ed)

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How to Combat the Global Cybercrime Wave (Op-Ed)


Today, economic reliance on the internet is all-encompassing. With 40 percent of the world population now online, there is hardly an industry that has not been dramatically transformed and empowered by the communication and business opportunities created. But the very thing that has been such a powerful engine of global economic growth is now threatening to undermine it.
Cyberthreats from hacktivists and terrorist groups, Cyber Criminals and nation states have had an impact on millions of companies, government agencies, nonprofit organizations and individuals over the past several decades.
The risks have grown
Only in the past few months, an attack on the U. S. Office of Personal Management (OPM) by a sophisticated nation-state actor resulted in the theft of the highly personal and detailed records of more than 21 million people. Hacktivist and terrorist groups have successfully defaced websites and launched denial-of-service attacks, which disabled access to numerous networks and systems, and leaked sensitive and private information collected from targeted organizations. 
The financial impact can also be direct: Transnational organized Cyber Criminal groups have stolen hundreds of millions of dollars from financial institutions and ordinary citizens. In 2014 alone, the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received hundreds of thousands of reports with a total aggregate loss of more than $800 million in 2014. 
But perhaps the greatest economic threat of all comes from the persistent campaigns by major countries to hack into the networks of innovative and successful companies to steal their most valuable trade secrets and intellectual property.
A rapidly growing number of nation states have determined that Cyber Espionage is a highly valuable tool not only to steal national and military secrets but also to pillage the most valuable business information from international competitors and pass it on to domestic industries to help them out-innovate and out-negotiate their rivals. This cuts through the heart of the modern economic system, which assumes and relies on fair competition in the global free market. What's worse is that it destroys the incentive for businesses to invest in innovation and research and development if they can rely instead on the intelligence instruments of their country's national power to steal and reuse the innovation of others.
And while Cyber Espionage is having a tremendous negative affect on the global economy from the theft-caused drain of intellectual property and the resulting adverse incentives for continued investments in innovative growth, the threat from destructive and disruptive attacks is amplifying risks even further. In the past three years, entertainment companies such as Sony Pictures and Las Vegas Sands Casino, and Middle Eastern oil and gas corporations, have come under devastating nation-state orchestrated cyberattacks that have demolished their networks and halted their business operations for weeks. [ DARPA Kicks Off Two-Year Cybersecurity Hack-A-Thon  ]
But what is even more insidious is the prospect of covert modifications of critical data, such as financial records or stock market settlement statements, which could cause lasting and enormously costly damage to the global financial system, and as a result, the world economy.
Laying down the law
What can be done to address these enormous global challenges? 
One of the most important is the urgent establishment of global norms among the major industrial and developing countries on issues of national security and economic cyberespionage conducted by their intelligence agencies and military services. As daily news accounts of discovered hacking incidents from around the world reveal, this problem is reaching epidemic proportions, with more and more countries involved. Unless an enforceable accord can be established to regulate the impact of these activities on private sector companies and regular citizens, this issue will poison global business relationships and further Balkanize the Internet.
Second, we need to promote broader cooperation among countries on the investigation and prosecution of Cyber Criminals, terrorists and hacktivist groups. We have witnessed encouraging signs, with law-enforcement cooperation between the United States and China, two of the greatest archrivals in cyberspace. 
Finally, we need to encourage and promote further adoption of defensive technologies that can rapidly crowdsource threat data and enable companies to hunt for, detect, attribute and stop Cyber Attacks
The Internet is a global resource that does not belong to any one nation or alliance. It has contributed to amazing economic growth, collaboration, civil education and awe-inspiring lifestyle improvements for billions of people. We need to focus our efforts to keep it safe, interconnected and open for future generations.

Why We Must Build an 'Immune System' to Ward Off Cyber Threats (Op-Ed)


Nicole Eagan is the CEO of Darktrace, a cyber threat defense company that uses technology to detect previously unidentified threats in real time, powered by machine learning and mathematics developed at the University of Cambridge. This op-ed is part of a series provided by the World Economic Forum Technology Pioneers, class of 2015. Eagan contributed this article to Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
People work best when they talk to each other. So do information systems and modern infrastructures. Today, companies, organizations and governments are hyper connected: They rely on, and thrive on, a web of information that has been made mobile and flexible by the power of the Internet. We depend on the mobility of the data almost as much as on the information itself, together with the ability to share it across geographies and time zones. 
Computer networks have evolved with those needs, becoming more complex and porous. There are multiple ways in and out of networks, enabling users to connect remotely from anywhere in the world and share information quickly with thousands of people at a time. All of this is critical to an efficient business environment. The security that defends those networks, however, has not evolved at the same speed. A new approach is required; one that has adapted to the interconnected world — where security cannot be guaranteed. The landscape is constantly shifting, and threats must be dealt with as they occur.
A wall doesn't work
As developers progressively build these high-tech systems, we have tended to view the computer network as a fortress that must guard against malicious intruders — if we build a high enough wall and buy a strong enough lock, we will be safe. This traditional approach is no longer sufficient to defend against today's fast-moving and intelligent attackers. Businesses and their information networks are not like medieval castles; they exist within a complex ecosystem of other networks and users, internal and external, and have multiple gateways to them. That is their brilliance and their strength. [ 'The Truth Behind the 'Biggest Cyberattack in History' ]
If networks are compared to the human body, then Cyber Attacks can be compared to viruses. Our skin does a pretty good job as a protective, outer layer, but it cannot keep everything out. Viral DNA is clever; it knows how to mutate and evolve to ensure its own survival. But once inside the body, viruses encounter an equally clever immune system, which is constantly learning and can detect threats. Living in a sterile glass box is not an option for a functioning, social human being, and it is not an option for modern businesses, either. The body's self-defense mechanism is one of the great marvels of biology — and it's also incredibly pragmatic. We should use the human body as an example of how modern systems must adapt to defeat the threat. We know viruses are going to get in. The question is: How do we defeat them when they do?
"Secure" is no longer possible
The goal of trying to "secure" all information is unrealistic. In order to have a fighting chance, networks, just like bodies, must be defended through an understanding of and focus on the parts of the information infrastructure that are in jeopardy at any one time. To avoid recurring problems and combat new ones, we need to start implementing a cyber "immune system" that learns from its environment. 
As we continue to embrace all the benefits of the Internet, we need to move to a more uncertain world that focuses on behaviors within a network that allow us to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior, both at the individual and group level. New technologies, such as our Darktrace Enterprise Immune System, work on probabilities and experience, rather than hard-and-fast rules and certainties. This model, which provides instant insight into unusual activity within a network, goes beyond just building higher and higher walls around data, and helps users understand all the unknowable, yet strange, things that are happening beneath the surface of busy organizations.
Adapting to the threat landscape
Companies must consider security not as a state of perfection to be achieved and maintained, but rather as an ongoing process of self-evaluation and informed actions, adapting to the threat landscape as it evolves. 
The threats that exist today to a company's reputation, financials and operations must be kept in constant check so that they can be stopped from spiraling out of control and into the headlines. To do this, it is critical to separate out the threats that we can live with from the ones that have the potential to inflict existential harm. So a real challenge at the heart of our imperative for good Cyber Security is one of discovery — of knowing, ahead of time, about the threats that you really care about. 
If Edward Snowden has shown us one thing, it's that there is no way you can stay safe from attack. A continuous approach to Cyber Security accepts that ongoing cyber threats are an inevitable part of doing business. The attackers are out there and more often than not, they are also "in there" — in your networks, in your laptops and even in your office buildings. Cyber Security has become the primary priority for governments and corporations across the globe as this faceless threat intensifies. [Summer Camp Trades Campfires for Cybersecurity (Op-Ed)]
However, by embracing new technologies that internalize defensive mechanisms, we can develop an immune system that will fight off the next major virus just as the body does, while interacting fully in modern life. 

Wirelessly Powered Brain Implant Could Treat Depression


A wirelessly powered implant the size of a grain of rice can electrically stimulate the brains of mice as the rodents do what they please. The new gadget could help scientists better understand and treat mental health disorders such as depression, according to a new study.
The human brain is the most powerful computer known, an extraordinary assembly of living electrical circuits. To gain greater understanding of how the human brain works — and how to fix any problems with it — neuroscientists would like to electrically stimulate the brains of simpler animals as they scurry around, carry out tasks and respond to their surroundings.
Tiny, untethered brain-stimulating devices would permit animals to move, behave and react freely during experiments. However, batteries are too heavy and bulky to fit into such small gizmos. Instead, these inventions could be wirelessly powered using magnetic induction, wherein one coil of wire can transmit energy to another coil using magnetic fields.
Wireless neural stimulation in mice has been demonstrated many times before, and in many of these systems, the mice could freely move over a large area," said study senior author Ada Poon, an electrical engineer at Stanford University in California.
However, previous wireless brain-stimulating devices were limited by their power-harvesting components. If these parts were small, power was lost if the animals moved away from the spot where the energy was focused, which limited how far the animals could roam. On the other hand, if these parts were large, they were typically too big to be implanted.
Other labs either used bulky devices mounted on the skulls of mice, or used complex arrays of coils paired with sensors to locate the mice and deliver power. "To us that sounded like a lot of work," Poon told Live Science. "We were 'lazy.' The 'laziness' led us to be more creative."
Now the researchers have created implantable wirelessly powered brain-stimulating devices by essentially using the mouse's body to help collect energy.
"Surprisingly, it works," Poon said. "Engineers tend to think of complex solutions, but sometimes if we back off a bit and think out of the box, we might be able to come up with some crazy but workable solutions that are simpler."
The roughly cylindrical device is about 2 millimeters wide, 3 mm long, and 20 mm in weight, making it about 100 times smaller and lighter than previous devices. "We like to compare the size with a grain of rice of the slightly thicker sort," Poon said.
The scientists could power the implant as the mice roamed across a 6.3-inch-wide (16 centimeters) chamber lined with a magnetic lattice. The device was implanted in a region of the mouse brain known the infralimbic cortex, which is implicated in animal models of depression and anxiety.
"This will open the door to a range of new experiments to better understand and treat mental health disorders such as depression," Poon said. "In addition, since there is no wire and no protruding structure coming out of the animals, it will allow experiments with multiple animals in the same space to better understand social interaction — in the treatment of chronic pain and mental disorders, for example."
The scientists detailed their findings online Aug. 4 in the journal Physical Review Applied.

Design the Jet Engine of the Future, Win $2 Million


The U.S. Air Force is offering $2 million to whoever can design a new and improved engine to power its airplanes.
The competition, known as the Air Force Prize, is open to American citizens and permanent U.S. residents age 18 and older, as well as corporations and research institutions in the United States. The goal of the contest is to speed up the development of a lightweight, fuel-efficient turbine engine, or jet engine, to power the aircraft of the future.
This is the first time the Air Force, or any other branch of the U.S. military, is offering a prize to stir up technological innovation among the general public, said Lt. Col. Aaron Tucker, deputy chief of the turbine engine division at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).
Even though the AFRL is chock-full of "really smart people," Tucker said Air Force engineers don't own the market on new turbine engine designs. And asking Americans to invent new military technologies in exchange for cash is already a proven way of conducting research and development projects — just look at the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA).
That agency, the research branch of the U.S. Department of Defense, holds "prize challenges" that invite Americans (and members of the international community) to find novel solutions to complex military-related problems, such as how to design two-legged robots that can perform useful tasks without falling over or how to get a bunch of little drones to land inside an airplane.
But the objective of the Air Force Prize is a bit different from that of most DARPA challenges. Contestants aren't actually designing something new; they're redesigning something old so that it can be used for new purposes, Tucker noted.
Turbine engines have been used inside most large Air Force aircraftsince around 1948. Before that, the planes that transported troops, carried weapons and conducted surveillance had piston engines (the same kind of engine found in most cars), Tucker said.
But turbine engines, also known as gas turbines, work by using a high-speed fan that sucks air into the engine, where it is compressed, mixed with fuel and then ignited. The burning gases expand inside the engine and shoot out the "nozzle" at the back of the engine. As a result, whatever the engine is attached to is propelled forward, according to NASA.
The winning engine (or the first to pass the AFRL's round of tests) will not be purchased by the Air Force because $2 million isn't enough money to pay for the intellectual property rights of this kind of technology, Tucker explained. Instead, the Air Force is promoting the contest with its industry partners (companies like Boeing and Raytheon), in the hope that these partners will purchase the new turbine engine design, continue developing it and, eventually, start incorporating it into future models of military aircraft.
Additional details about the Air Force Prize, plus instructions for how to register for the competition, can be found on the contest website

Japanese Paper Art Inspires Sun-Tracking Solar Cell


Japanese paper art is typically used to create dainty folded cranes and paper snowflakes, but now, researchers are using it to inspire innovations in the energy world.
Scientists from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor (UM) have used the ancient art of paper cutting, known as kirigami, to create a unique thin-film solar cell that can use a method of following the sun called optical tracking. These movements allow the cell to absorb more energy from the sun throughout the day.
The idea was initially hatched by Matt Shlian, one of the authors of the new study and a professor in the University of Michigan's School of Art and Design. Shlian had been experimenting with ways to incorporate kirigami and origami in the design for new technologies.
"The problem of tracking the sun has been there for years and years," said study lead author Max Shtein, a professor in UM's Department of Materials Science and Engineering. "There are lots of ways that involve motors and gears. [This design is] meant to be lighter and more elegant."
The new kirigami-inspired solar cell uses a bending motion to change the angle of its surface. To achieve this, the structure is slowly stretched out using a small, motorized mechanism. Strategically placed cuts in the material make it possible for an object that is normally rigid to stretch and bend.


The base of the solar cell has a fairly simple kirigami structure of lines cut into Kapton, a polyimide film that is flexible and remains stable across a wide range of temperatures (from minus 452 degrees Fahrenheit to 752 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 269 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius). The structure of the design put a series of short parallel cuts in the polyimide film that were slightly out of alignment so that the top of one cut would be several inches below the top of the other or several inches above them.
"The idea is to spend less money and get as much energy as you would before," Shtein said, "or spend the same amount of money and get more energy."
The researchers are hopeful they will be able to market their newly designed solar cell in the near future, but this art-inspired innovation has the potential for a wide range of applications, the scientists said. Shtein added that he and his colleagues are looking into applications for these types of designs in filtering and electromagnetic devices, such as radio technology, and in acoustics tools, such as tuning devices.
The detailed findings of the study were published Sept. 8 in the journal Nature Communications.

Thermal 'Invisibility Cloak' Could Keep People Cool



A new thermal "invisibility cloak" that channels heat around whatever it is trying to hide may one day help keep people and satellites cool, researchers say.
Invisibility cloaks, once thought of only as the province of "Harry Potter" or "Star Trek," work by smoothly guiding light waves around objects so the waves ripple along their original trajectories as if nothing were there to block them. Cloaking devices that redirect other kinds of waves, such as the acoustic waves used in sonar, are possible as well.
Previous research had developed cloaking devices that could hide objects from heat — essentially making them thermally invisible. However, these cloaks could not be turned on and off. In addition, each of these cloaks had to be tailored to whatever item they were cloaking.
"In realistic cloaking applications, the environment changes; the object to be cloaked changes; everything changes,"study co-author Baile Zhang, a physicist and electrical engineer at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, told Live Science. "Therefore, a controllable cloak that can adjust its performance is very desirable."
Now, Zhang and his colleagueshave developed an active thermal cloak that can be switched on and off and can change its shape without affecting its performance.
The cloak is made up of 24 devices known as thermoelectric modules, which serve as heat pumps, moving heat from one place to another. Each of these small devices measures 0.24 by 0.24 by 0.15 inches (6 by 6 by 3.8 millimeters).
When the cloak is turned on, it redirects heat around an air hole that is 2.44 inches (62 mm) wide in a steel plate just 0.2 inches (5 mm) thick. It can prevent heat from diffusing through the hole across temperatures ranging from 32 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (0 to 60 degrees Celsius). The heat pumps can also be rearranged to shield a rectangular hole 2.36 inches (60 mm) wide just as effectively, the researchers said.
"Although the current work shows the possibility of controllable thermal cloaking, it's not an off-the-shelf product, and it will take years to incorporate this work into current heat-dissipation technologies," he added.

Cloud Storage or External HDD

Cloud Storage or External HDD - Which Is Better?


Even with all the different data protection and security tools that are available today, completely security of your data can still not be guaranteed; the one thing that can, are timely backups. When you decide to backup your data, you have two main backup location choices; local/external HDD or cloud Storage. Here is how you can choose which option will be best for you:
External HDDs
Whether you want to backup your business's data or your personal data, cost is a major factor in your decision. HDDs are the more affordable option by far; you can shop for the best priced hard disks in Dubai online at DigiCost. With a onetime price, you can enjoy the storage benefits of a hard disk drive for years to come.
The extra security that HDDs provide is another reason to choose them for your backup needs. The only way anyone can access your files is if they physically steal your drive, and even that can be prevented with the right passwords and encryption. There is no risk of a hard disk being hacked.
Another advantage of using HDDs for backups is that there isn't a usage policy that you have to adhere to. You are the owner of the storage device and you can utilize it however you want.
Cloud Storage
The access that cloud storage provides is the biggest benefit that they offer. You can access your data from anywhere in the world, as long as you have access to the internet. Many cloud storage services offer free of charge storage, which can be great if you only want to store some sensitive files on them.
The Best Strategy
Each of the backup options mentioned above has their own advantages. So, the right backup strategy would be to come up with a backup system that allows you to benefit from both. For example, you could use the hard drive for large file backups and the cloud storage for smaller files.
To buy the highest quality external HDDs for your backup needs, visit DigiCost; the number 1 online store in Dubai!
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The Agen Judi Online Game

The Agen Judi Online Game

Modifying yourself into a great basketball gamer is not really some thing that you can do immediately. Issue your self a lot more for training, then to the bet on football on its own. For that reason, it's essential that your conditioning help keep you as much as par in reality and building a good effect there, to avoid significantly bench time. Severe operate and perseverance is required to make actual strides in terms of your video game.
Although you should be all set for poker judi online game time, exercise can take the most from you physically. The content provided under has arrived to help any booming football participant with the entire process of improving and sharpening their online game play.
Be sure to work towards your emotional game around your actual physical game in planning for football. Should you be found being argumentative or even a trouble basic, you happen to be one who will be kicked off the staff. Eventually, it doesn't make a difference how excellent you happen to be with your place, should you cannot be at your best from kickoff until the last secondly ticks from the clock.
Even when you don't love a person in your staff, you must go along with everyone on your staff for the sake of your crew's accomplishment. Ensure you're as difficult mentally when you are personally. Although trying to keep fit and training the drills is tough for any person, the mental elements of football are what trips most participants up on the field.
Work on your stamina like a football player, along with your other education. Teach and practice difficult, and maintain your endurance on a professional degree. You need to grow to be acclimated to great temps during a period of time. Take in a healthy diet if you engage in football. Eating healthy proteins, whole grains and vegatables and fruits can help you feel much better and engage in better.
It may take up to fourteen days for you to regulate to the alternation in temperatures. Heat up prior to every time you apply yourself. Take your time and stay safe. Whenever your physique is powered effectively it may carry out a lot better. If the trauma occurs, you might be unable to engage in for the prolonged time. Often it stops if you are hurt, which is why it is vital that you enter every single enjoy as when it is your last.
That forces one to do the best and assures your very last enjoy is rarely a feel dissapointed about. Build up your energy with muscle mass-developing workouts, but bear in mind to stretch initial. There is practically nothing just like the thrill of creating an awesome enjoy out on the baseball field.
Will not make an effort to conduct a total exercise routine in the initial very hot working day of spring. Basketball comes to a conclusion at some point in the very competitive degree. Hopefully this article has offered football hopefuls the essential ways to lastly complete the job. Consider your greatest to enjoy a healthy diet plan and you're going to believe it is can enhance your play.
But, not many people have knowledgeable that enthusiasm simply because which they do not have the skills essential to accomplish this.

LED Lighting Industry Revenue

LED Lighting Industry Revenue Shares and Forecast Report 2020


A new study LED Lighting Market Shares, Strategy, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2014 to 2020, analyzes the lighting market trends, growth and developments. Next generation lighting achieves a complete replacement of incandescent filament bulbs with LED lighting that is more energy efficient, lasts longer and has a significantly lower cost of operation.
Philips, the market leader has been the first casualty as the profit margin on the individual LEDs is eroded because of overproduction in China. The achievement in price declines because of economies of scale, and general competitive pressure have drastically impacted the market. Philips is set to sell its lighting business. The Dutch electronics group Philips has attracted bids from several private equity groups for the majority of its lighting components business, up for sale as it focuses on higher-margin activities.
Epistar is working on 200mm technology. Philips, OSRAM, and Samsung are all actively exploring GaN on silicon technology. Market shifts provide entry points for new competitors. They create significant opportunities for participants to achieve rapid increase in market share. Shifts in market share are anticipated as vendors move up the value chain to increase returns on investment.
There is a move by vendors to provide more pieces of the LED light. In this way they seek to control their margins. Vendors primarily compete with other providers on the basis of product performance, as measured by efficacy, light quality, increased lumen output and reliability. Product cost combined with an acceptable level of quality is always a competitive issue.
LED vendors seek to offer products that achieve a lower total cost of ownership and enhanced product quality. The channel looks for a broad product portfolio. Those vendors with a broad product portfolio have access to strong retail channels. Channel strategy is further impacted by OEM relationships. A differentiated product design approach, proprietary technology and deep understanding of lighting applications aids the ability to compete in markets.
Philips to Sell Lighting Business
Dutch electronics group Philips has attracted bids from several private equity groups for the majority of its lighting components business, up for sale as it focuses on higher-margin activities.
LED lighting decreases labor costs of replacing bulbs in commercial situations. The LED bulbs are implementing new semiconductor technology. The 2013 study has 403 pages, 183 tables and figures. Worldwide LED lighting markets are poised to achieve significant growth as buildings and communities lead the way in implementing the more cost efficient systems. In some cases, the utility plants are providing funding and financing so that lighting users can make the shift to LED lighting.
LED lamps lower the overall cost of lighting. LED lighting costs are less than costs with incandescent lights. LED lamps offer up to 50,000 hours of illumination with a fraction of the energy used by traditional incandescent bulbs. LED bulbs generate 90% less heat than incandescent bulbs. LED bulbs extend time between bulb replacements. The bulbs are used to achieve a near zero-maintenance lighting system.
LED lighting products are coming to market rapidly. Suppliers carry up to 150 different LED bulb and lamp styles to fit the various needs of consumers and businesses.
LED PAR lamps dominate the ENERGY STAR qualified product list, so back in 2012 IEE partnered with TopTen USA and Ecova to develop recommendations for top performing PAR38 and PAR30 LED lamps. The team developed an evaluation protocol that starts with the lamps found in ENERGY STAR's list, to which we applied product criteria screens and testing to a subset of lamps to determine the 10 top performers. Efficiency along with aesthetics, payback period, and dimming performance were key criteria to the ranking.
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LED lighting products compete with traditional lighting technologies on the basis of the numerous benefits of LED lighting relative to such technology including greater energy efficiency, longer lifetime, improved durability, increased environmental friendliness, digital controllability, smaller size, directionality and lower heat output.
LED lighting products face competition in the general lighting market from both traditional lighting technologies provided by numerous vendors as well as from LED-based lighting products provided by a growing roster of industry specialized participants.
The emergence of cost-competitive LEDs has caused a "paradigm shift" in the lighting industry that has changed everything. The LED lighting industry rapid technological change has been brought by enormous changes in the regulations affecting lighting. Short product lifecycles are a result of new manufacturing and materials science that are the result of companies trying to improve the economies of scale to make price points more attractive to customers.
Frequent product introductions have characterized the LED lighting industry. There is a highly competitive pricing environment with the current price point of $10 in 2013 per light about to decline to $6 per light. These market characteristics increase the need for continuous innovation.
Sales of LEDs that outpace incandescent bulbs in North America are expected to soon completely eliminate incandescent bulbs. The LED lighting market is anticipated to grow 45% per year through 2019. The LED lighting market at $4.8 billion in 2012 is anticipated to go to $42 billion by 2019. The reason is the declining price points, the increased interest by the channel in pushing LEDs to consumers. LEDs provide the best lighting solution. The phase out of incandescent lights has begun, the onset of LED command of the market is upon us.
This LED lighting shipment analysis is based on consideration of the metrics for the total number of lights shipped with a likely penetration analysis. Interviews with distributors, vendors, and users provide means for triangulation of data to achieve an accurate look at the market. Interviews include contact with distributors and analysts worldwide,

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How To Shutdown Windows 8 With One-Click



Microsoft made a lot of changes in Windows 8 like removed start button, introduced start screen, ribbon explorer, modern UI and much more. Those Windows 7 users who have recently upgraded their systems to Windows 8 might find it very difficult to use. In order to shut down Windows 7, one has to click on Shut down button in Start menu however this process is not that much straight forward in Windows 8. Our step-by-step guide on how to Shutdown Windows 8 With One-Click will help you get rid of this problem.

Guide to Shutdown Windows 8 With One-Click

We will create a shortcut to shutdown on desktop making it very easier to shutdown your Windows. To create shutdown shortcut, follow the steps we have discussed below.
Go to Windows 8 Desktop and right click on any empty space. Select New –> Shortcut. In the location of item, type “shutdown /s /t 0” and hit Next.
Enter the name of shortcut (its upto you) and then hit Finish button. Now you will see a shortcut on your desktop. Next we will be assigning icon to this shortcut.
For that right click on that shortcut and select Properties. Under Shortcut tab click on change icon. Ignore the warning by pressing OK button. Now select the shutdown icon and press OK button twice.
This is the shutdown shortcut on your desktop. Now whenever you want to shutdown your Windows 8, just double click on that icon. We recommend to create its tile on Windows 8 start screen. For that right click on shutdown icon on desktop and select “Pin to Start”. Now you will see Shutdown tile on your Windows 8 start screen which allow you to Shutdown Windows 8 with One-Click. You can follow the same procedure to create Restart shortcut, just use this command “shutdown /r /t 0”  instead of “shutdown /s /t 0”  in step 2.
That was the guide to create a shutdown shortcut which can allow you to shutdown Windows 8 with just one-click.

Guide to Fix USB Device Not Recognized in Windows



Most of the times when you try to connect any USB device specially USB flash drive to your computer, your Windows fails to recognize it and gives an error. Tired of USB device not recognized problem in Windows? We are covering easy to use guide to help you fix usb device not recognized error in Windows.

How to Fix USB Device Not Recognized in Windows

1) Uninstall the USB drivers
The most effective fix to this problem is to uninstall the usb device drivers and then re-insert it. For that right click on My Computer and then select Properties and go to Device Manager. There under USB drivers, uninstall your USB device drivers. When it is done, restart your computer and then re-insert your USB device to your computer. Hopefully the problem will be fixed.
2) Restore your Windows
If the above fix didn’t work for you then try restoring your Windows using restore point. For that open start menu and type Restore there and then select System restore. Go through wizard to restore your Windows to earlier state.
3) Unplug Computer from Power Supply
If none of above methods works for you to fix usb device not recognized in Windows, then unplug your desktop computer from the power supply. First turn OFF your computer and then unplug it from power supply for few seconds. After that connect power supply to your computer again and turn it ON. Once the Windows is booted, connect your usb device to your computer. Hopefully the usb device not recognized error in windows would be fixed after this method.
Incase if you have laptop, turn OFF your laptop first and then remove the battery from it for few seconds. After few seconds re-insert it again and then turn it ON. Now try connecting your USB device again and if everything went correct, your device would be detected by Windows.
These were few methods to fix USB Device not recognized in Windows 7 or Windows XP. If you know any other method, then do share with us in comments and we would love to include that too.

Complete Guide To Dual Boot Windows 8/8.1 & Ubuntu



If you want to try Ubuntu Linux on your computer but don’t want to completely wipe Windows 8 from your PC, then follow this guide to dual boot Windows 8/8.1 and Ubuntu. The process is not that much hard as you are thinking but in-fact you just need to go through few simple steps to enjoy Linux in dual boot environment with Windows 8.
Please note that this guide is about installing Ubuntu on computer with Windows 8 or 8.1 already installed. Installing Windows after installation of Ubuntu is different process which were are going to cover in this post.

How to Dual Boot Windows 8/8.1 & Ubuntu

First of all download Ubuntu latest version from here and then burn the ISO file onto USB flash drive or DVD.

Now first thing you need to do is to create partition for Ubuntu. Open run and type “diskmgmt.msc”there and hit enter. Now right click on the partition where you want Linux to be installed and select “Shrink Volume”. Select the size of the partition and click on “Shrink” button.
Now since you have created a partition for Ubuntu, we are all set to start the installation of Ubuntu on this hard drive partition. Restart your computer and then boot it from USB Flash drive or DVD (on which you have mounted the Ubuntu ISO).
When your computer is successfully booted from installation media, click on “Install Ubuntu”. On next Window, select “Something Else” Option. Next select the partition you have created for Ubuntu and let the installation begin. Once the installation is completed, your computer will restart. Restart your computer and you will be asked for whether you want to boot into Windows 8 or Ubuntu.
This was simple guide related to dual boot Windows 8/8.1 & Ubuntu. If we missed any step or you are having difficulty achieving the required results, then let us know.